Abstract
Nanocomposites of polyethersulfone (PES)/clay with different types of clays were obtained to be applied in the development of flat membranes, prepared by phase inversion technique. An X-ray diffraction analysis verified that membranes with clay had exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structures. The contact angle of the membranes with clay decreased in the presence of distilled water and oil. Moreover, such effect was more pronounced for montmorillonite (MMT) clay. By SEM images, a variation in the morphology of the membranes with modification of the internal pore structure due to the presence of clays was observed. In the test of flow measurements with distilled water and oily emulsion, a considerable increase in the permeated flow was observed when introducing clay. This effect is clearer when introducing MMT and Cloisite Na+ clays. The best results for permeate flow were presented by membranes with Cloisites clays (Na+ and 20A). All membranes had a high oil/water separation yield (all of them above 84%), where the membranes with the Cloisite clays had the best yield and it may be concluded that all membranes have great potential to treat oily effluents
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