Abstract
Oxidative stress represents a common issue in most neurological diseases, causing severe impairments of neuronal cell physiological activity that ultimately lead to neuron loss of function and cellular death. In this work, lipid-coated polydopamine nanoparticles (L-PDNPs) are proposed both as antioxidant and neuroprotective agents, and as a photothermal conversion platform able to stimulate neuronal activity. L-PDNPs showed the ability to counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in differentiated SH-SY5Y, prevented mitochondrial ROS-induced dysfunctions and stimulated neurite outgrowth. Moreover, for the first time in the literature, the photothermal conversion capacity of L-PDNPs was used to increase the intracellular temperature of neuron-like cells through near-infrared (NIR) laser stimulation, and this phenomenon was thoroughly investigated using a fluorescent temperature-sensitive dye and modeled from a mathematical point of view. It was also demonstrated that the increment in temperature caused by the NIR stimulation of L-PDNPs was able to produce a Ca2+ influx in differentiated SH-SY5Y, being, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of organic nanostructures used in such an approach. This work could pave the way to new and exciting applications of polydopamine-based and of other NIR-responsive antioxidant nanomaterials in neuronal research.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the main protagonists in neurological diseases, being responsible or at least involved in many of the cellular damages which are typical of brain dysfunctions.[1]
The relation between ROS and neurological disorders is extraordinarily complicated and still poorly understood; the literature on the topic makes it evident that ROS play a significant role in many of the most common brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease.[1−6] ROS are necessary for the homeostasis of physiological functions, being involved in mitochondrial respiration, autophagy, energy production, and other regulatory pathways;[7] an overproduction of ROS not counterbalanced by endogenous antioxidant mechanisms may lead to the harmful condition of oxidative stress
lipid-coated polydopamine nanoparticles (L-Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDNPs)) were prepared through a Stöber process
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are one of the main protagonists in neurological diseases, being responsible or at least involved in many of the cellular damages which are typical of brain dysfunctions.[1]. The endpoint of this cycle is commonly the loss of neuronal cell functions and the subsequent cell death
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