Polydopamine Modified Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Multifunctional Nanocarrier for Targeted Prostate Cancer Treatment.

Nimisha Singh,Rajender Kumar,Thomas Nury,Fadoua Sallem,Suban Kumar Sahoo,Nadine Millot,Celine Mirjolet

doi:10.3390/nano9020138

Abstract

Polydopamine (pDA)-modified iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles (IONPs) are developed and designed as nanovectors of drugs. Reactive quinone of pDA enhances the binding efficiency of various biomolecules for targeted delivery. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), an abundant thiol species in the cytoplasm, was immobilized on the pDA-IONP surface. It serves as a cellular trigger to release the drug from the nanoparticles providing an efficient platform for the drug delivery system. Additionally, GSSG on the surface was further modified to form S-nitrosoglutathione that can act as nitric oxide (NO) donors. These NPs were fully characterized using a transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-vis spectroscopies. Doxorubicin (DOX) and docetaxel (DTX) are two anticancer drugs, which were loaded onto nanoparticles with respective loading efficiencies of 243 and 223 µmol/g of IONPs, calculated using TGA measurements. DOX release study, using UV-vis spectroscopy, showed a pH responsive behavior, making the elaborated nanocarrier a potential drug delivery system. (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl) -2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and apoptosis assays were performed on PC3 cell lines to evaluate the efficiency of the developed nanocarriers. These nanoparticles thus can prove their worth in cancer treatment on account of their easy access to the site and release of drug in response to changes to internal parameters such as pH, chemicals, etc.

Highlights

Multifunctional nanohybrid systems offer several advantages for integrating functional nanocomponents into one entity to manifest different roles in cancer therapeutics
Nano drug delivery carrier shows the potential of carrying the anticancer drug to the targeted site and delivering it according to the required pharmacology activity
Our objective is focused on immobilizing GSSG on pDA-iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to serve as a dual purpose towards prostate cancer treatment

Summary

Introduction

Multifunctional nanohybrid systems offer several advantages for integrating functional nanocomponents into one entity to manifest different roles in cancer therapeutics. They provide an ideal platform to construct the nanostructure material that can be tuned to the required physical and chemical properties. New chemotherapeutic molecules have been continuously developed to treat cancer, medical advancement has failed to control the serious side effects caused by such compounds [1]. To address these issues and have a targeted anticancer treatment, efficient drug delivery carrier is required. Core shell nanoparticles have emerged as a promising nanocarrier for targeting tumor cells [2]

Objectives

Methods

Results