Abstract
A hydroxyapatite-collagen (HC) composite material can mimic composition and ultra-structures of natural bone and provide adequate bioactive material-tissue interactions. Incorporation of dopamine (DA) is one of keys in increasing the mechanical strength of the HC material to approaching that of cortical bone. In this study, the in vitro osteogenic effects of polydopamine-laced hydroxyapatite collagen calcium silicate (HCCS-PDA) were examined by culturing rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) on HCCS-PDA and HCCS coated plates. HCCS-PDA group demonstrated less cytotoxic from Live/Dead cytotoxic assay and displayed higher cell attachment, proliferation and mineralization than the HCCS group in vitro. For in vivo bone regeneration, HCCS-PDA or HCCS particulates with or without rMSC aggregates were implanted into rat critical-sized calvarial defects (CSD). After 12 weeks, calvarial bone regeneration was evaluated radiographically, histologically, and histomorphometrically. While the majority of new bone formation occurred around the HCCS-PDA particulates with rMSC aggregates, The HCCS-PDA particulates without rMSC aggregates showed limited osteoconductivity. HCCS with or without rMSC aggregates resulted in less bone formation, indicating a prominent role of DA in effective bone regeneration. Therefore, the HCCS-PDA biomaterial with the aid of rMSCs can be used to develop therapeutic strategies in bone tissue engineering with numerable clinical applications.
Highlights
Those of natural cortical bone[15]
Previous studies have used single mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), though recent studies have shown that MSC aggregates can facilitate improved in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone formation compared to the monolayer culture in terms of higher viability, antigenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties
The novel HCCS-PDA biomaterial was tested for the osteogenic effect on the rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs)
Summary
Those of natural cortical bone[15]. No currently available bone scaffolding has been proven to possess the level of osteogenic factors to overcome the normal regenerative limit nor have they satisfactorily met the mechanical strength necessarily to be comparable to natural cortical bone. Previous studies have used single MSCs, though recent studies have shown that MSC aggregates can facilitate improved in vitro osteogenic differentiation and in vivo bone formation compared to the monolayer culture in terms of higher viability, antigenicity, and anti-inflammatory properties. These characteristics enable the MSC aggregates to enhance cell survival after implantation[28], which makes rat mesenchymal stem cell (rMSC) aggregates a more favorable tissue engineering preclinical model for delivery into the grafting material to achieve enhanced bone regeneration. Emphasis was placed on how DA incorporation into the HCCS biomaterial affects rMSC proliferation, differentiation, and physical properties in vitro and in vivo bone formation to repair the rat calvarial critical sized defect (CSD)
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