Abstract
Biointerface design can greatly influence cell behavior. Therefore, in this study we examined the effects of three surface characteristics, roughness, chemistry, and wettability, on osteoblastic cell differentiation. We examined osteoblastic differentiation on titanium (Ti) samples with four levels of roughness (average roughness: 148.6 ± 23.1, 42 ± 6.2, 14.3 ± 5.5, 7.2 ± 1.6 nm) with or without a nanolayer coating of polydopamine (PDA). In vitro osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by quantifying alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of human fetal preosteoblastic (hFOB 1.19) cells. The change in surface chemistry of Ti samples as a result of PDA coating was assessed by XPS analysis and water contact angle measurement. Results demonstrated that PDA treated samples were more hydrophilic, compared to untreated samples, and this was substrate roughness independent. Moreover, with the exception of the substrate with an oriented texture of surface nanotopography (RTi-4), the presence of a PDA nanolayer increased AP activity independent of substrate roughness. Our results suggest that surface chemistry and wettability, induced by a PDA nanolayer coating, had a greater effect on osteoblastic differentiation than did surface roughness.
Highlights
The interaction between bone biosubstitutes and cells is an important consideration when developing novel bone regeneration strategies because this interaction plays a key role in the success or failure of the bone biosubstitutes
We examined osteoblastic differentiation on titanium (Ti) samples with four levels of roughness with or without a nanolayer coating of polydopamine (PDA)
Our results suggest that surface chemistry and wettability, induced by a PDA nanolayer coating, had a greater effect on osteoblastic differentiation than did surface roughness
Summary
The interaction between bone biosubstitutes and cells is an important consideration when developing novel bone regeneration strategies because this interaction plays a key role in the success or failure of the bone biosubstitutes. Manipulation of titanium’s biointerface properties including roughness, wettability [5] and surface chemistry [5] [6] has the potential to regulate cell behavior. Surface roughness, ranging from micro to nanoscale, of a bone biosubstitute is an important biointerface property and plays an important role in osseointegration, biomechanical fixation, and cell behavior [1]. Khang et al [10] examined the effect of flat, nanometer, and sub-micron surface features of titanium with root mean square roughness (Rq) within the range of 0 - 12 nm on osteoblast cells adhesion. Based on the importance of biointerface properties including roughness, surface chemistry, and wettability on regulation of cell behavior, the aim of this study was to evaluate which factor (surface roughness, chemistry, or wettability) has a greater effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation
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