Polydopamine-Assisted Surface Modification of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Anti-Biofilm Activity for Dental Implantology Applications

Ioana Cristina Marinas,Bianca Maria Tihauan,Lucian Barbu,Andreea Gabriela Diaconu,Marin Angheloiu,Diana Bogdan,Anca Petran,Grațiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru,Ioana-Georgeta Grosu,Ana Maria Ivanof,Claudiu Filip,Xenia Filip

doi:10.3390/coatings11111385

Abstract

Coating the surfaces of implantable materials with various active principles to ensure inhibition of microbial adhesion, is a solution to reduce infections associated with dental implant. The aim of the study was to optimize the polydopamine films coating on the Ti-6Al-6V alloy surface in order to obtain a maximum of antimicrobial/antibiofilm efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. Surface characterization was performed by evaluating the morphology (SEM, AFM) and structures (Solid-state 13C NMR and EPR). Antimicrobial activity was assessed by logarithmic reduction of CFU/mL, and the antibiofilm activity by reducing the adhesion of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans strains. The release of NO was observed especially for C. albicans strain, which confirms the results obtained for microbial adhesion. Among the PDA coatings, for 0.45:0.88 (KMnO4:dopamine) molar ratio the optimal compromise was obtained in terms of antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity, while the 0.1:1.5 ratio (KMnO4:dopamine) led to higher NO release and implicitly the reduction of the adhesion capacities only for C. albicans, being slightly cytotoxic but with moderate release of LDH. The proposed materials can be used to reduce the adhesion of yeast to the implantable material and thus inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms.

Highlights

Microbial biofilms formation on oral surfaces most frequently involves the development of caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and in the case of dental implants, mucositis and peri-implantitis [1]
The presence of polydopamine and oxidative paramagnetic products highlighted o the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was identified by solid-state NMR and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometry (EPR), results i accordance with previous publications [26,29]
The presence of polydopamine and oxidative paramagnetic products highlighted on the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy was identified by solid-state NMR and EPR, results in accordance with previous publications [26,29]

Summary

Introduction

Microbial biofilms formation on oral surfaces most frequently involves the development of caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and in the case of dental implants, mucositis and peri-implantitis [1]. The treatment is difficult, and it is an important problem in modern clinical practice. In this context, many scientific studies have focused on the development of new implantable materials to inhibit bacterial adhesion and reduce implant infection [2]. The surface modification of implantable device [3,4,5,6] are complex and do not have a general applicability to various materials. An easy method for changing the surface of solids by dip coating in dopamine solution was proposed by Lee et al [7]. Dopamine and its catechol derivatives can oxidatively polymerize in the presence of oxygen or other oxidizing agents under alkaline conditions [8]

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Conclusion