Abstract
Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of solid tumors, but its application is greatly limited due to its nephrotoxicity; thus, there is still no effective medicine for the treatment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (Cis-AKI). We previously identified that polydatin (PD) exerts nephroprotective effects by antioxidative stress in AKI models. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress-induced molecular events overlap with the process of ferroptosis and that there are common molecular targets, such as glutathione (GSH) depletion and lipid peroxidation. Nevertheless, whether the nephroprotective effect of PD is related to anti-ferroptosis remains unclear. In this study, the inhibitory effect of PD on ferroptosis was observed in both cisplatin-treated HK-2 cells (20 μM) in vitro and a Cis-AKI mouse model (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) in vivo, characterized by the reversion of excessive intracellular free iron accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and GSH depletion, and an increase in glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4) activity. Remarkably, PD dose-dependently alleviated cell death induced by the system Xc− inhibitor erastin (10 μM), and the effect of the 40 μM dose of PD was more obvious than that of ferrostatin-1 (1 μM) and deferoxamine (DFO, 100 μM), classical ferroptosis inhibitors. Our results provide insight into nephroprotection with PD in Cis-AKI by inhibiting ferroptosis via maintenance of the system Xc−-GSH-GPx4 axis and iron metabolism.
Highlights
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat various malignancies, and its application is greatly limited due to its nephrotoxicity, including its onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) [1]
We initially evaluated the role of PD in cisplatin-induced AKI (Cis-AKI) and compared it with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a specific ferroptosis inhibitor
Cisplatin treatment resulted in an increase in serum biochemical parameters such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN, Figure 1(c)) and serum creatinine (Scr, Figure 1(d))
Summary
Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat various malignancies, and its application is greatly limited due to its nephrotoxicity, including its onset of acute kidney injury (AKI) [1]. Effective drugs to prevent cisplatin-induced AKI (Cis-AKI) in clinical practice are in urgent demand. It is very important to further investigate the pathophysiology of Cis-AKI and its effective therapeutic drugs. Several studies [2,3,4,5,6] have suggested that cisplatin treatment leads to excessive lipid peroxidation, ferritinophagy-mediated free iron release, and a decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPx4), indicating the close link between ferroptosis and Cis-AKI. Ferroptosis intervention may be an effective strategy to attenuate Cis-AKI; there have not been specific drugs against ferroptosis in clinical application to date
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