Abstract
Resveratol (RES) and its natural precursor polydatin (PD) are polyphenols that may display a broad variety of beneficial effects including anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the role of RES and PD in the inflammatory process induced by monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystals in vitro. A monocytic cell line (THP-1) was primed for 3 hours with phorbol myristate acetate (100 ng/mL) and stimulated with synthetic MSU (0.05 mg/mL) and CPP (0.025 mg/mL) crystals. RES and PD were added to cultures concurrently with the crystals, or as 2-hour pretreatment. The effect of the two polyphenols was evaluated on intracellular and extracellular IL-1β levels, NACHT-LRRPYD-containing protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, and the assessment of crystal phagocytosis. RES and PD strongly inhibited IL-1β induced by crystals after cell pretreatment. Cell pretreatment was effective also in reducing IL-1 mRNA expression while no effect was observed on NLRP3 gene expression. RES and PD had no effect on crystal phagocytosis when used as pretreatment. Both polyphenols were significantly effective in inhibiting ROS and NO production. Our results demonstrated that RES and PD are effective in inhibiting crystal-induced inflammation. Data obtained after cell pretreatment allow us to hypothesize that these polyphenols act on specific signaling pathways, preventing inflammation.
Highlights
IntroductionThe deposition of pathogenic crystals, such as calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, triggers an important inflammatory reaction which leads to swelling, Foods 2019, 8, 560; doi:10.3390/foods8110560 www.mdpi.com/journal/foods
The deposition of pathogenic crystals, such as calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, triggers an important inflammatory reaction which leads to swelling, Foods 2019, 8, 560; doi:10.3390/foods8110560 www.mdpi.com/journal/foodsFoods 2019, 8, 560 pain, limited joint function and, over time, tissue damage and disability
The MTT test showed a decrease in cell viability induced by CPP and MSU crystals which was abolished by PD and RES
Summary
The deposition of pathogenic crystals, such as calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) and monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, triggers an important inflammatory reaction which leads to swelling, Foods 2019, 8, 560; doi:10.3390/foods8110560 www.mdpi.com/journal/foods. Foods 2019, 8, 560 pain, limited joint function and, over time, tissue damage and disability. This process, which is characterized by an abnormal production of chemokines, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Significant interest has emerged in the beneficial health effects attributed to polyphenols. These plant-derived natural compounds have demonstrated a wide range of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and immunomodulant effects in many inflammatory chronic conditions [8,9,10,11]
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