Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine–metabolic disorder, affecting 6–10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. The features of PCOS are clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism (HA), ovulatory dysfunction (OD), and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). There are three different diagnostic criteria sets and the syndrome could present with four subphenotypes. PCOS phenotypes are currently classified as phenotype-A (HA + OD + PCOM), phenotype-B (HA + OD), phenotype-C (HA + PCOM), and phenotype-D (OD + PCOM). Phenotype-A is more common in subjects identified in clinical populations, whereas phenotype-C is more common in unselected populations. Patients with PCOS presenting to the clinics are more obese and more hyperandrogenemic with more severe phenotype and higher metabolic risk compared with women with PCOS in unselected or background populations. Timely diagnosis and identification of specific subphenotypes is essential to address presenting complaints of a patient, determine individualized treatment targets, and prevent long-term health consequences of the syndrome.
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