Abstract
This review explores the key diagnostic and management challenges addressing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in adolescence. Specifically, it explores the need for a diagnostic framework unique to adolescence, explores the challenge of discerning normal pubertal physiology from pathophysiology, examines predisposing factors for PCOS and long-term sequelae of the disorder, and explores possible treatment options. The publication of the international guidelines provided significant clarification and guidance regarding diagnostic criteria for PCOS in adolescence. Furthermore, recent publications have examined the effects of in utero androgen exposure in the offspring of women with PCOS, with the goal of identifying a biomarker to identify children at risk of developing PCOS. The diagnostic challenges of PCOS lie in the overlap between the core diagnostic criteria and the normal physiologic changes that underpin the pubertal transition in adolescents. Given the sequelae of PCOS, the need for appropriate diagnosis and surveillance of young women is critical.
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