Abstract
Diamond is a material of interest due to its unique combination of properties, including its chemical inertness and biocompatibility. Polycrystalline diamond (poly-C) has been used in experimental biosensors that utilize electrochemical methods and antigen-antibody binding for the detection of biological molecules. Boron-doped poly-C electrodes have been found to be very advantageous for electrochemical applications due to their large potential window, low background current and noise, and low detection limits (as low as 500 fM). The biocompatibility of poly-C is found to be comparable, or superior to, other materials commonly used for implants, such as titanium and 316 stainless steel. We have developed a diamond-based, neural microelectrode-array (MEA), due to the desirability of poly-C as a biosensor. These diamond probes have been used for in vivo electrical recording and in vitro electrochemical detection. Poly-C electrodes have been used for electrical recording of neural activity. In vitro studies indicate that the diamond probe can detect norepinephrine at a 5 nM level. We propose a combination of diamond micro-machining and surface functionalization for manufacturing diamond pathogen-microsensors.
Highlights
Research on the development of biosensors for neural recording and stimulation, electrochemical detection, and pathogen detection has been ongoing for many years [1,2]
Diamond has long been used in neural probing by depositing polycrystalline diamond or diamond-like carbon (DLC) on the tips of microwires for implantation in living tissue
Chong et al [48] reported that normal human dermal fibroblast cells were able to attach and grow on the surface of either UV-treated or undecylenic acid-functionalized poly-C, and Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) was found to be more biocompatible than microcrystalline diamond
Summary
Research on the development of biosensors for neural recording and stimulation, electrochemical detection, and pathogen detection has been ongoing for many years [1,2]. Boron-doped diamond electrodes were used to electrochemically detect the presence of the enzyme beta-galactosidase, which is produced by E. coli in response to the chemical isopropyl-B-Dthiogalacto-pyranoside (IPTG) [33] Such a technique is limited to the detection of specific bacteria and cannot be adapted for detection of other pathogenic organisms. The boron-doped poly-C electrode in histamine had a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) an order-of-magnitude greater than that of the glassy carbon electrode, a linear dynamic range of 3–4 orders of magnitude and a detection limit of about 1 μM. Rao et al [44] studied nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) using boron-doped poly-C They found a lower detection limit of 10 nM, while maintaining a SNR of at least seven. Chong et al [48] reported that normal human dermal fibroblast cells were able to attach and grow on the surface of either UV-treated or undecylenic acid-functionalized poly-C, and UNCD was found to be more biocompatible than microcrystalline diamond
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
