Polychlorobiphenylols are selective inhibitors of human phenol sulfotransferase 1A1 with 4-nitrophenol as a substrate

Abstract

Polychlorobiphenylols (OH-PCBs) were reported as potent inhibitors of estrogen sulfotransferase, thyroid hormone and 3-hydroxybenzo( a)pyrene sulfotransferases. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of selected OH-PCBs on SULT1A1 activity in human liver cytosol, measured with 4 μM 4-nitrophenol, a concentration considered to be diagnostic for selectively detecting SULT1A1. All the OH-PCBs studied inhibited the sulfonation of 4-nitrophenol in human liver cytosol. Among the eighteen OH-PCBs studied, 3′-OH-CB3 (4-chlorobiphenyl-3′-ol) was the most potent inhibitor (IC 50: 0.73 ± 0.15 μM, mean ± S.D., n = 3). The least potent inhibitor studied was 6′-OH-CB35 (3,3′,4-trichlorobiphenyl-6′-ol) with IC 50: 49.1 ± 10.8 μM. The IC 50 values of the other OH-PCBs studied ranged from 0.78 to 3.76 μM. Some OH-PCBs with various inhibitory potencies with human liver cytosol were selected for study with recombinant human SULT1A1 and SULT1B1. These OH-PCBs showed more potent inhibition of 4-nitrophenol sulfonation with SULT1A1 than with human liver cytosol. The IC 50 values with human liver cytosol showed a perfect linear correlation with those found with SULT1A1 ( r 2 = 1), but not with SULT1B1 ( r 2 = 0.21). The results suggested that in these human samples SULT1A1 was predominantly responsible for the sulfonation of 4-nitrophenol, with very little or no contribution from SULT1B1. The kinetics of inhibition were studied with 4′-OH-CB165, which is similar in structure to OH-PCBs found in human blood. The 4′-OH-CB165 was a mixed noncompetitive–uncompetitive inhibitor ( K i = 1.80 ± 0.2 μM, K ies = 0.16 ± 0.02 μM). Finally, it was demonstrated that the tested OH-PCBs were themselves only slowly sulfonated by human sulfotransferases in the presence of 35S-PAPS, as measured by the production of 35S-labeled metabolites. Although this series of 18 OH-PCBs was too small to draw conclusions about structure–potency relationships, this work demonstrated that several OH-PCBs were potent inhibitors of 4-nitrophenol sulfonation but poor substrates in human liver cytosol, and suggested that OH-PCBs may inhibit the sulfation rate of those xenobiotics sulfated by SULT1A1.