Polychaete Depth Distribution in a Posidonia oceanica Bed (Rhizome and Matte Strata) and Neighbouring Soft and Hard Bottoms

Abstract

Abstract. The study was carried out in a Posidonia oceanica bed and in the neighbouring sandy and rocky bottoms, at Ponza Island (Central Tyrrhenian Sea), in order to investigate the distributional pattern of the polychaete community at different depths. A total of 15232 individuals of polychaetes belonging to 218 species was collected and three new species of Syllidae were found. The polychaete community of the matte can be clearly distinguished from the neighbouring communities; this is due to the high species richness in Posidonia, which is related to the heterogeneity of the biotope. In the Posidonia bed the shallow stations (1 m and 5 m depth) were the richest in terms of species numbers and individuals due to the high shoot density of the seagrass bed. In the shallow waters polychaete community structure changed according to the different exposure to water movement. Rocky bottom species, which preferentially inhabit crevices, were more abundant in the matte exposed to water movement (5–10 m depth). In contrast, soft‐bottom species were more abundant in the sheltered zone (1 m depth) as well as in the deeper zone due to the reduction of the Posidonia bed.