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Abstract
This paper presents some investigations on the optical and morphological properties of the polymer (matrix):monomer (inclusion) composite materials obtained from blends of bisphenol A polycarbonate and amidic monomers. For the preparation of the composite films, we have selected monomers characterised by a maleamic acid structure and synthesised them starting from maleic anhydride and aniline derivatives with –COOH, –NO2, –N(C2H5)2 functional groups attached to the benzene ring. The composite films have been deposited by spin coating using a mixture of two solutions, one containing the matrix and the other the inclusion, both components of the composite system being dissolved in the same solvent. The optical transmission and photoluminescence properties of the composite films have been investigated in correlation with the morphology of the films. The scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have revealed a non-uniform morphology characterised by the development of two distinct phases. We have also investigated the generation of some optical non-linear (ONL) phenomena in these composite systems. The composite films containing as inclusions monomers characterised by the presence of one –COOH or two –NO2 substituent groups to the aromatic nucleus have shown the most intense second-harmonic generation (SHG). The second-order optical non-linear coefficients have been evaluated for these films, and the effect of the laser power on the ONL behaviour of these materials has also been emphasised.
Highlights
The class of organic materials is promising for applications in the processing of information, telecommunication and integrated optics
The compounds are obtained by semiamide precipitation in water with ice, filtration and recrystallization from methanol with different final yields depending which aniline derivative has been used [37]: 17 % for the monomer synthesised with para-aminobenzoic acid (M1), 34 % for the monomer synthesised with para-nitroaniline (M2), 27 % for the monomer synthesised with 4,N,N diethyl aniline (M4) and 80 % for the monomer synthesised with 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine (M7)
The carbonyl groups of different monomer molecules forming the inclusion phase could be situated close one to another showing strong interaction between their electrons and favouring the splitting of the carbonyl (n, π*) level into two bands causing the appearance of the two absorption steps [44]
Summary
The class of organic materials is promising for applications in the processing of information, telecommunication and integrated optics. The organic compounds characterised by theoretical high non-linearities and rapid electro-optic responses represent an important alternative to the inorganic non-linear materials for second-harmonic generation (SHG), frequency mixing, optical parametric oscillation, optical bistability and electro-optic modulation These materials could be considered as the optical materials of the future because their molecular nature combined with the versatility of the synthetic chemistry offer ways to modify and optimise the molecular structure with the purpose to increase the non-linear response [1, 2]. Different types of polymers have been synthesised until now showing optical, electrical, chemical, mechanical and thermal properties adequate for a large range of applications from daily life facilities to high-performance devices for the aerospace industry and medicine The properties of these materials can be anticipated and tailored by molecular design, controlled synthesis and processing making them useful for photovoltaics, batteries, membranes and composite and as smart materials for coatings, sensors and biomimicry
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