Abstract
Polycarbazole and its derivatives have been extensively used for the last three decades, although the interest in these materials briefly decreased. However, the increasing demand for conductive polymers for several applications such as light emitting diodes (OLEDs), capacitators or memory devices, among others, has renewed the interest in carbazole-based materials. In this review, the synthetic routes used for the development of carbazole-based polymers have been summarized, reviewing the main synthetic methodologies, namely chemical and electrochemical polymerization. In addition, the applications reported in the last decade for carbazole derivatives are analysed. The emergence of flexible and wearable electronic devices as a part of the internet of the things could be an important driving force to renew the interest on carbazole-based materials, being conductive polymers capable to respond adequately to requirement of these devices.
Highlights
Conductive polymers are a highly demanded class of materials due to their extended uses in electronic and optical devices or sensors, among others
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) made from polymers have attracted increasing interest since the group led by Richard Friend in 1992 [37] reported the emission of light from a semiconducting polymer sandwiched between two contacts and connected to a battery
Syutkin et al [158] reported the synthesis of chalcones with carbazole substituents, being some of them capable to react with guanidine sulphate to produce 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidines
Summary
Conductive polymers are a highly demanded class of materials due to their extended uses in electronic and optical devices or sensors, among others. Carbazol-based polymers (PCz) have attracted increased attention over the last 50 years owing to their stability and higher redox potential attracted increased attention over the last 50 years owing to their stability and higher redox potential compared to other conducting polymers [44]. They present good electro- and photoactive photoactive compared to other conducting polymers [44]. 3. The evolution the number of publications conductive polymers (green), polycarbazole derivatives (black) and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (red) (Source: Scopus). In a total derivatives of 17 reviews mentioned
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