Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in marine fish and blue mussels from southern Greenland

Abstract

Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have not previously been reported in Greenland. In this study shorthorn sculpins ( Myoxocephalus scorpius) were sampled at three locations in southern Greenland; Usuk (no population), Igaliko (population 40) and Qaqortoq (population 3200). Furthermore uvak ( Gadus ogac), spotted wolffish ( Anarhichas minor), starry ray ( Raja radiata), and blue mussels ( Mytilus edulis) were collected at Usuk. Pooled samples of fish liver and blue mussel were analysed for lower brominated PBDEs (BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100 and BDE-153). The highest PBDE levels were found in Qaqortoq followed by Igaliko and Usuk. The measured sum PBDE concentrations in shorthorn sculpin collected at Qaqortoq, Igaliko and Usuk, were 8.2, 3.1 and 2.1 all in units of μg kg −1 wet weight. In female and male uvak collected at Usuk PBDE levels of 7.1 and 12.0 μg kg −1 wet weight were measured, while the concentrations were 1.2 μg kg −1 in spotted wolffish, 1.4 μg kg −1 in starry ray and 0.11 μg kg −1 in blue mussels from the same locality all measured on a wet weight basis. The highest concentrations were measured in uvak, a top-predator on fish indicating that PBDEs are biomagnifying. The level of tetra–hexa BDEs is 15–24 times lower than PCB levels measured in the same samples, except for shorthorn sculpin collected at Qaqortoq, where the level of PBDEs was 40 times lower than the level of PCBs. The high concentration of PCBs relative to PBDEs in shorthorn sculpin collected at Qaqortoq signifies a local emission of PCBs, which is higher than the local emission of PBDEs.