Polyamide-imide copolymer-derived carbon molecular sieve membranes for efficient hydrogen/carbon dioxide separation

Abstract

Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes are emerging porous carbon membranes for chemical separation and purification. Polyamide-imide (PAI) copolymers have shown attractive separation performance for natural gas upgrading and organic solvent separations. However, PAIs are rarely used as precursors to derive CMS membranes. This work shows that CMS hollow fiber membranes made from a PAI (Torlon®) can provide highly competitive H2 permeability and H2/CO2 selectivity overcoming the 2008 Robeson upper bound under both single-gas and mixed-gas permeation. With imide and amide moieties, the PAI showed intermediate H2/CO2 separation performance between a polyimide (PI) and a polyaramid (PA). Interestingly, the trend was translated to the CMS membranes, i.e., the PAI-derived CMS membrane showed intermediate H2/CO2 separation performance between the PI-derived CMS membrane and PA-derived CMS membrane with an excellent balance of H2 permeability and H2/CO2 selectivity. Sorption studies indicate that the PAI-derived CMS membrane had intermediate H2 diffusivity and H2/CO2 diffusion selectivity, which was further attributed to its intermediate ultramicropore size. To our best knowledge, this was the first report of PAI-derived CMS hollow fiber membranes with competitive gas separation performance and the first investigation of the chemistry and pore structure of PAI-derived porous carbon. This study also underscores the role of precursor backbone chemistry in tailoring CMS membrane properties, further suggesting that CMS membranes derived from copolymers comprising mixed backbone chemistry can give simultaneously attractive permeability and selectivity.