Abstract
A carbazole-based polymer (poly(tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine) (PtCz)) is electrosynthesized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. PtCz film displays light yellow at 0.0 V, earthy yellow at 1.3 V, grey at 1.5 V, and dark grey at 1.8 V in 0.2 M LiClO4/ACN/DCM (ACN/DCM = 1:3, by volume) solution. The ΔT and coloration efficiency (η) of PtCz film are 30.5% and 54.8 cm2∙C−1, respectively, in a solution state. Three dual-type electrochromic devices (ECDs) are fabricated using the PtCz as the anodic layer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT-Me2), and poly(3,4-(2,2-diethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene) (PProDOT-Et2) as the cathodic layers. PtCz/PProDOT-Me2 ECD shows high ΔTmax (36%), high ηmax (343.4 cm2·C−1), and fast switching speed (0.2 s) at 572 nm. In addition, PtCz/PEDOT, PtCz/PProDOT-Me2, and PtCz/PProDOT-Et2 ECDs show satisfactory open circuit memory and long-term stability.
Highlights
Introduction π-conjugated polymers (CPs) and oligomers have attracted a great deal of interest due to their suitability for potential applications in supercapacitors [1,2], catalysts [3,4,5], actuators [6], polymer light-emitting diodes [7,8,9], electrochromic devices (ECDs) [10,11,12], polymer solar cells [13], and sensors [14,15,16]
Polythiophenes and polypyrroles have been extensively used as electrochromic materials due to the fact that they can be
There have been no reports for the applications of poly(tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine) as anodic polymer in electrochromic devices
Summary
A carbazole-based polymer (poly(tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine) (PtCz)) is electrosynthesized on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. Polymers 2017, 9, 543 synthesized electrochemically or chemically with a wide range of electrochromic properties available through alkyl, alkoxy, and phenyl substitution on polythiophenes and polypyrroles. PEDOT and its derivatives poly(3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT-Me2 ) and poly(3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine) (PProDOT-Et2 ) were extensively investigated for many useful properties including low oxidation potential, electron-rich dioxy group, optical transparency in doped state, moderate band gap, and high stability [25,26]. There have been no reports for the applications of poly(tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine) as anodic polymer in electrochromic devices. A carbazole-based monomer (tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine, tCz) was synthesized and its corresponding homopolymer (PtCz) was polymerized electrochemically.
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