Poly(tetrahydrofuran)-based fabric phase sorptive extraction combined with HPLC-UV for the determination of antihistamines in human urine

Abstract

Herein, a poly(tetrahydrofuran)-based fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) membrane was utilized for the isolation and determination of three antihistamine drugs (carbinoxamine, chlorpheniramine, and diphenhydramine) in human urine followed by HPLC-UV analysis. Among other membranes tested, the sol–gel poly(tetrahydrofuran) sorbent coated FPSE membrane was found to be more suitable for extracting the selected drugs. Based on their engineered affinity, the fabricated membranes are highly permeable that allows the extraction of biological samples with no previous pretreatment. The experimental parameters were systematically investigated and optimized using a central composite design of experiment and one-factor-at-a-time approaches. The proposed analytical scheme was validated in terms of linearity (0.10 – 5.0 μg mL−1), selectivity, limit of detection (0.03 μg mL−1), limit of quantitation (0.10 μg mL−1), precision (<12.7 % in all circumstances), and accuracy (% relative recovery: 88.1 – 113.7%). The membranes were reusable for at least 15 extractions with a set criterion of a 10% deviation of the initial performance. The final protocol was efficiently applied for the determination of selected antihistamines in authentic human urine after oral administration of chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine-containing tablet and syrup, respectively.