Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with tetramethylpyrazine and conjugated with TED-1 polypeptide reduce formation of β-amyloid and alleviate oxidative stress in alzheimer’s disease

Abstract

Controlling β-amyloid and oxidative stress is indicated to improve Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we loaded Poly Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) nanoparticles with ligustrazine and coupled them with TED-1 polypeptide, to explore an effective drug for the condition. Tet-1 peptide was coupled to Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP)-PLGA nanoparticles. Glioma cells were then treated with PLGA nanoparticles, TMP, TMP-PLGA nanoparticles, and TMP-PLGA-Tet-1 nanoparticles. Microscope and flow cytometry were then conducted to assess the impact of nanoparticles on cell morphology and toxicity of the nanoparticles. Oxidative stress of the nanoparticles was detected by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. TMP-PLGA-Tet-1 nanoparticles were found to have significant ability to scavenge free radicals, also showing significantly increased anti-β-amyloid activity. Finally, Alamar Blue method and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) method proved that, the TMP-PLGA-Tet-1 nanoparticles enhanced the efficiency of drug delivery to neurons without toxicity. Moreover, Tet-1-conjugated TMP-PLGA nanoparticles reduced amyloid and alleviated oxidative stress, and may hence be a potential option for treatment of AD. Labeling Tet-1 to TMP-PLGA could therefore improve drug delivery.