Abstract
Despite recent advancements in cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) and other platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs for treating solid tumors, their uses are limited by either in terms of toxicity and/or acquired drug resistance. These side effects have a dangerous problem with higher dose for severe patients. To overcome the low therapeutic ratio of the free drug, a polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery system has been explored promoting delivery of cisplatin to tumors. Recently, the applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have been underlined for encouraging the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancerous cells. The intention of this project is to assess the potential of poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) for enhancing the effects of anticancer drug cisplatin. For the purpose, we have synthesized PLGA-cisplatin nanoparticles for increasing its bioavailability and studied the comparative cytotoxicity of free cisplatin and PLGA-cisplatin against MCF-7 cancer cell lines and HEK-293 normal cell lines. We have also analyzed the hallmarks of PLGA-cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The outcomes of this study may provide the possibility of delivery of anticancer drug to their specific site, which could minimize toxicity and optimize the drug efficacy.
Highlights
Cancer has exceeded cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as the foremost cause of death worldwide [1,2,3]
Cisplatin-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs possessing chemotherapy properties were obtained by a multistep process
PLGA-cisplatin NPs were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) techniques
Summary
Cancer has exceeded cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as the foremost cause of death worldwide [1,2,3]. The overload of cancer on healthcare systems consistently increases which requires more investigations to further advance an early and rapid recognition of such deadly disease [4, 5]. Breast cancer (BC) is the common diagnosed noncutaneous form of solid tumor among women which is related with larger tumor size, higher grade, and frequent nodal immersion and becomes primary cause of death among women [6,7,8]. The incidence of BC is linked to numerous factors, among which the utmost common being its heterogeneous nature [10]. The molecular stratification of BC is primarily based on the expression of hormonal receptors, namely, the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), along with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) [10, 12, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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