Abstract
Biodegradable poly(α-hydroxyacids) have gained increasing interest in the biomedical field for their use as cell microcarriers thanks to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties/degradation rates and processability. The synthesis of these poly(α-hydroxyacids) can be finely controlled to yield (co)polymers of desired mechanical properties and degradation rates. On the other hand, by simple emulsion-solvent evaporation techniques, microspheres of controlled size and size distribution can be fabricated. The resulting microspheres can be further surface-modified to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation. As a result of this process, biodegradable microcarriers with advanced functionalities and surface properties that can be directly employed as injectable cell microcarriers are obtained.
Highlights
In 1967, van Wezel proved that microscopic particles, eventually termed “microcarriers”, could serve as a substrate for adherent cells to attach to and proliferate [1]
The present review first considers the current strategies that have been adopted for the synthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible poly(α-hydroxyacids) with tunable mechanical properties and degradation rates
All of containing 0.2% of D-lactide and 0.00142 day−1 for PLLA containing 1.2% of D-lactide. All of these these results demonstrate that the incorporation of D-lactide to PLLA is a valid strategy results demonstrate that the incorporation of D-lactide to PLLA is a valid strategy for reducing the crystallinity of the final product, the degradation rate was accelerated and the for reducing the crystallinity of the final product, the degradation rate was accelerated and the formation of crystalline residues avoided
Summary
In 1967, van Wezel proved that microscopic particles, eventually termed “microcarriers”, could serve as a substrate for adherent cells to attach to and proliferate [1]. Human tenocytes cultured on Cytodex microcarriers in a spinner flask bioreactor [5] were able to proliferate over two weeks and were still able to synthesize type I collagen and decorin. When cultured on several commercially available microcarrier (e.g., CultiSpher, Cytodex, Hillex, etc.) chondrocytes were able to keep their rounded morphology and to secrete collagen type II after 14 days [6,7]. Microcarriers that are made out of biodegradable and biocompatible poly(α-hydroxyacids) will be considered These materials have attracted increasing interest for their use as microcarriers due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties/degradation rates and possibility of being employed directly as injectable cell microcarriers in cell-based therapies. The present review first considers the current strategies that have been adopted for the synthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible poly(α-hydroxyacids) with tunable mechanical properties and degradation rates. Polylactide and Its Copolyesters: Towards Tunable Mechanical Properties and Degradation Rates
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