Polo-like Kinase 2, a Novel ADAM17 Signaling Component, Regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor α Ectodomain Shedding

Jeanette Schwarz,Stefanie Schmidt,Olga Will,Tomas Koudelka,Kaja Köhler,Melanie Boss,Björn Rabe,Andreas Tholey,Jürgen Scheller,Dirk Schmidt-Arras,Michael Schwake,Stefan Rose-John,Athena Chalaris

doi:10.1074/jbc.m113.536847

Abstract

ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17) controls pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling events by promoting ectodomain shedding of cytokine precursors and cytokine receptors. Despite the well documented substrate repertoire of ADAM17, little is known about regulatory mechanisms, leading to substrate recognition and catalytic activation. Here we report a direct interaction of the acidophilic kinase Polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2, also known as SNK) with the cytoplasmic portion of ADAM17 through the C-terminal noncatalytic region of PLK2 containing the Polo box domains. PLK2 activity leads to ADAM17 phosphorylation at serine 794, which represents a novel phosphorylation site. Activation of ADAM17 by PLK2 results in the release of pro-TNFα and TNF receptors from the cell surface, and pharmacological inhibition of PLK2 leads to down-regulation of LPS-induced ADAM17-mediated shedding on primary macrophages and dendritic cells. Importantly, PLK2 expression is up-regulated during inflammatory conditions increasing ADAM17-mediated proteolytic events. Our findings suggest a new role for PLK2 in the regulation of inflammatory diseases by modulating ADAM17 activity.

Highlights

The metalloprotease ADAM17 emerged as the main sheddase of several cytokines and cytokine receptors
PLK2 Interacts with ADAM17 in Yeast—Making use of the split ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid technology, we aimed to identify novel proteins interacting with ADAM17
We identified PLK2 as a binding partner of the major TNF␣ sheddase ADAM17, and in subsequent studies we established a role for PLK2 in TNF␣ signaling, most likely by controlling phosphorylation and activation of ADAM17

Summary

Introduction

The metalloprotease ADAM17 emerged as the main sheddase of several cytokines and cytokine receptors. Results: The acidophilic kinase PLK2 interacts with and phosphorylates ADAM17 in mammalian cells. Conclusion: PLK2 represents a novel cellular interaction partner of ADAM17 modulating its activity. Significance: Regulation of ADAM17 activity is essential for inflammatory responses. ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17) controls pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling events by promoting ectodomain shedding of cytokine precursors and cytokine receptors. PLK2 activity leads to ADAM17 phosphorylation at serine 794, which represents a novel phosphorylation site. Activation of ADAM17 by PLK2 results in the release of pro-TNF␣ and TNF receptors from the cell surface, and pharmacological inhibition of PLK2 leads to down-regulation of LPS-induced ADAM17-mediated shedding on primary macrophages and dendritic cells. Our findings suggest a new role for PLK2 in the regulation of inflammatory diseases by modulating ADAM17 activity

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