Abstract
Problem statement: India is largest producer, processor, exporter and second largest consumer of cashew in the world with annual production of 6,20,000 MT. India processed about 1.18 million MT of raw cashew seeds through 3650 cashew processing industries scattered in many states of country. The cashew industries employed different unit operations/ methodologies for processing depend on variety of raw material, location, technological mechanization and availability of secured energy supply. Approach: There are two commonly followed methods of cashew nut processing, viz., roasting process and steam (roasting) process. The sources of different environmental pollutant discharged in to the atmosphere during the cashew nut processing have been revealed in the article. Results: The environmental standards for air pollution emission for roasting process, steam cooking process and broma oven have been presented. The solid waste disposal practice and new and relocation sitting criteria have been discussed for cashew processing industries. Conclusion: The cashew nut processing by cooking (steam roasting) process, which is relatively less pollution intensive and an alternative process to roasting process may be considered to reduce the environmental discharge load.
Highlights
Cashewnutprocessing: Cashew(Anacardium Occidentale L.) is one of the important tropical crops called as “poor man’s crop, rich man’s food”
Cooking process discharges wastewater from the steam cooker and emits air pollutants by Baby Boiler for steam generation and Borma heater (Anonymous, 2006). Since these industries are small and cottage category units and no conventional and technoeconomically cost effective pollution abatement systems are in operation elsewhere, it has become necessary to study the entire cashew nut processing industry sector in India to suggest techno-economically feasible environmental standards
Due to the high temperature of the drum, the Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) in the cashew nut catches the fire spontaneously and the nuts are roasted through the entire length of the drum without any supporting fuel
Summary
Cashewnutprocessing: Cashew(Anacardium Occidentale L.) is one of the important tropical crops called as “poor man’s crop, rich man’s food”. Due to lack of skilled manpower for cutting process of cooked nut and difference in taste of nut, many of the industries in India are following roasting process. In the cashew nut roasting process, thick black smoke is released from the rotating roasting drum through the stack. The smoke, when it reaches the ground, has irritating odor and is public nuisance in the neighborhood. Wastewater is generated from the quenching operation of the roasted cashew nut discharged. Cooking process discharges wastewater from the steam cooker and emits air pollutants by Baby Boiler for steam generation and Borma heater (Anonymous, 2006)
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