Pollution of the hydrosphere with petroleum products at railway transport facilities

Abstract

On railway transport, a large amount of water is used for production needs, respectively, domestic wastewater contaminated with petroleum products is formed.For water purifi cation in modern conditions, oil traps or oil traps are used. They are designed for cleaning ground, thawed, rainwater, water from washing rolling stock, washing components and parts before repair in electroplating workshops or sites, when washing and refueling batteries, fi lter regeneration, when purging and washing steam boilers, washing inspection ditches and washing overalls.As a result of man-made disasters on railway transport, there may be pollution of water bodies, as a result of which there is a violation of the integrity of ecological systems and the death of living organisms.To eliminate the consequences of pollution of water bodies, JSC “Russian Railways” uses mechanical, chemical and biological methods of water purifi cation. Additionally, it is advisable to use modern types of sorbents. The choice of a method for cleaning reservoirs depends on many factors, the most important of which are the volume and scale of pollution.A number of bacterial preparations have been created in Russia that are successfully used to clean water bodies and shorelines from oil pollution.Voronezh State University, with the cooperation of VEGA-eco LLC, is developing a biological product of the genus Acinetobacter (B-2838, B-5064 and B-3780), which is capable of refi ning oil.The drug “Devoroil” is used to clean oil-contaminated sites at railway enterprises. It includes an association of cells of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and additives that activate the process of biodegradation of oil. The working time of the drug “Devoroil” is 2-3 months.Today, there are 25 known species of bacteria and fungi that decompose hydrocarbons.These organisms work in a complex and participate in the biochemical carbon cycle in nature, being powerful tools in the fi eld of environmental microbiology.As a result of the development of scientifi c and technological progress, it becomes possible to create new technologies in the fi ght against man–made disasters.