Abstract
The distribution characteristics, correlations, and potential ecological risks of 13 antibiotics and 10 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 16 water sources in Wuhan were analyzed using solid-phase extraction-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) and real-time quantitative PCR technology. The distribution characteristics and correlations and potential ecological risks of antibiotics and resistance genes in this region were analyzed. The results showed that a total of nine antibiotics were detected in the 16 water source samples, and the concentration range was ND-177.36 ng·L-1. The concentration distribution presented as follows:Tributary Jushui River<lower reaches of the main stream of the Yangtze River<upstream of the main stream of the Yangtze River<Tributary Hanjiang River<Tributary Sheshui River. The total absolute abundance of ARGs after the Yangtze River and Hanjiang River confluence was significantly higher than that before the confluence, and the average abundance of sulfa ARGs was significantly higher than that of the other three ARGs resistance genes (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between sul1 and sul2, ermB, qnrS, tetW, and intI1 in ARGs (P<0.01), and the correlation coefficients were 0.768, 0.648, 0.824, 0.678, and 0.790, respectively. The correlation within the sulfonamide ARGs group was weak. Correlation of ARGs between groups. Four antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole, aureomycin, roxithromycin, and enrofloxacin, had a medium risk to aquatic sensitive organisms, and the proportion of each risk area in the ecological risk map was 9.0% (medium risk), 30.6% (low risk), and 60.4% (no risk). The combined ecological risk assessment (RQsum) of the 16 water sources indicated medium risk, and the RQsum (mean) of the rivers involved was 0.222 (Tributary Hanjiang River)<0.267 (main stream of the Yangtze River)<0.299 (other tributaries).
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