Pollution Characteristics Analysis in Shallow Groundwater of Typical Farmland Area, Southern China

Abstract

To analyze the characteristics of shallow groundwater pollution in farmland ecosystem in south China and geochemical behavior of major pollutants in the environment, taking the typical farmland in Taihu River Basin as the object, combined with conventional analysis method of the water quality, fluorescence spectrum technology and multivariate statistical analysis method, the characteristics of the water chemistry in shadow groundwater and the distribution of the dissolved organic matter and the heavy metals were studied. The reasons for all the phenomena were researched as well. The result showed that, water body in the study area showed the reducing atmosphere, the main chemical types of shallow groundwater were HCO3-Ca·Na, and compared to the contents of NH3--N and NH2--N, the concentration of NH4+-N was higher. Dissolved organic matter of the shallow groundwater was composed of humic acid, tryptophan and tyrosine. And they were mainly derived from terrestrial and biological source. The distribution was affected by the flow direction of the surface water supplies and groundwater. In the detection of nine kinds of heavy metal elements, the average concentrations of Fe and Cr were higher than the national groundwater environmental quality in class Ⅲ standard. And the contents of Fe, Cr, Mn, Zn elements at some points exceeded the standard. The results showed that fluorescent organic matter characteristics could better reflect the status of shallow groundwater pollution, in which the kind of protein-like substances was closely related to the ammonia nitrogen. The heavy metal elements Cu and Ni were associated with the dissolved organic matter and they were mainly complexed in small molecular fluorescent organic matter.