Abstract
Poultry farming activities can have a negative impact on the environment, namely: acidification (with NH3 mainly, H2S, NOx etc.); pollution of surface water and groundwater (with NO3- and NH4+); eutrophication (N, P); air pollution with NH3, N2O, NO, dust (PM10 and PM2.5), bioaerosols; increasing the greenhouse effect (CO2, CH4, N2O etc); drying (use of groundwater); smells, noise; pollution with heavy metals, pesticides and toxic substances; the spread of pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics; pollution of waters with residues of pharmaceutical products. As a result, in order to prevent or reduce the negative impact on the environment, in the production process it is necessary to use BREF/BAT techniques (Best Available Techniques). The activity of poultry farming must be done according to the best available techniques: the farming system, production halls and related facilities are designed and built according to the latest standards in the field; implicitly the consumption of raw materials, waste emissions, wastewater, air pollutants values being according to the legislation [1].
Highlights
Bird shelters are zootechnical constructions intended for poultry or laying hens raising and exploiting. These constructions are designed according to the intended production and some aspects must be considered such as the technological solution related to the maintenance systems, the feeding system, watering, manure evacuation, the mechanization and automation degree of the production processes [2]
Regarding to the poultry farming activity, the potential impact on environmental factors refers to ammonia emissions to air, nitrogen and phosphorus leaks from manure into the soil, groundwater and surface water
Poultry manure can be used as an organic fertilizer for plants, it has a high content of essential nutrients [4, 5], but improper management and excessive application of poultry manure lead to ammonia volatilization, nutrients leaching, higher nitrogen mineralization, damage of sensitive crops or surface water contamination by excessive phosphorus [5, 6, 7]
Summary
Bird shelters are zootechnical constructions intended for poultry or laying hens raising and exploiting. These constructions are designed according to the intended production (meat or eggs) and some aspects must be considered such as the technological solution related to the maintenance systems, the feeding system, watering, manure evacuation, the mechanization and automation degree of the production processes [2]. Regarding to the poultry farming activity, the potential impact on environmental factors refers to ammonia emissions to air, nitrogen and phosphorus leaks from manure into the soil, groundwater and surface water. Poultry manure can be used as an organic fertilizer for plants, it has a high content of essential nutrients [4, 5], but improper management and excessive application of poultry manure lead to ammonia volatilization, nutrients leaching, higher nitrogen mineralization, damage of sensitive crops or surface water contamination by excessive phosphorus [5, 6, 7]
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