Abstract
Smoking is considered a coping behavior for stress. On the other hand, pollutants and climatic conditions are environmental stressors that can have a negative impact on health. Therefore, there may be a link between regional smoking rate and air pollution and climatic conditions. To clarify the relationship between the regional smoking rate in Japan and the environmental conditions such as photochemical oxidants concentration, ambient temperature and relative humidity, multiple regression analysis was performed. Correlation analysis showed that the ambient temperature and relative humidity and photochemical oxidants are negatively correlated with smoking rate. Stepwise multiple regression analysis with smoking rate as the objective variable, the ambient temperature and relative humidity and photochemical oxidants as explanatory variables, revealed that the ambient temperature and relative humidity and photochemical oxidants are significant independent variables. The above results suggest that ambient temperature, relative humidity and photochemical oxidants in the region may be related to smoking rate in the region.
Highlights
Smoking is considered a coping behavior for stress [1,2,3,4]
This study shows the relationship between smoking rate in Japanese prefectures and photochemical oxidants concentrations and climatic conditions
Statistical analysis Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between smoking rate and environmental conditions. p
Summary
Pollutants and climatic conditions are environmental stressors that can have a negative impact on health [5,6,7]. There may be a link between regional smoking rate and air pollution and climatic conditions. Since the Japanese archipelago is long from north to south, it belongs to various climate categories, from the subarctic zone in the north to the subtropical zone in the south. Because the Japanese archipelago has mountain ranges with high mountains, there are many cloudy, snowy or rainy days on the Sea of Japan side in winter, while there are many sunny days on the Pacific side [8]. Climatic differences may affect the formation of photochemical oxidants [9]. This study shows the relationship between smoking rate in Japanese prefectures and photochemical oxidants concentrations and climatic conditions. Corresponding author: Shigeru Suna Private Health Research Laboratory, 14-22 Shinkita-machi, Takamatsu-shi, Kagawa 760-0001, Japan
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