Abstract
This study analyzed the microbial community metagenomically to determine the cause of the functionality of a livestock wastewater treatment facility that can effectively remove pollutants, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was used in analyzing the composition and structure of the microbial community, and the 16S rRNA gene was used. Through Illumina MiSeq sequencing, information such as diversity indicators as well as the composition and structure of microbial communities present in the livestock wastewater treatment facility were obtained, and differences between microbial communities present in the investigated samples were compared. The number of reads, operational taxonomic units, and species richness were lower in influent sample (NLF), where the wastewater enters, than in effluent sample (NL), in which treated wastewater is found. This difference was greater in June 2019 than in January 2020, and the removal rates of ammonia (86.93%) and hydrogen sulfide (99.72%) were also higher in June 2019. In both areas, the community composition was similar in January 2020, whereas the influent sample (NLF) and effluent sample (NL) areas in June 2019 were dominated by Proteobacteria (76.23%) and Firmicutes (67.13%), respectively. Oleiphilaceae (40.89%) and Thioalkalibacteraceae (12.91%), which are related to ammonia and hydrogen sulfide removal, respectively, were identified in influent sample (NLF) in June 2019. They were more abundant in June 2019 than in January 2020. Therefore, the functionality of the livestock wastewater treatment facility was affected by characteristics, including the composition of the microbial community. Compared to Illumina MiSeq sequencing, fewer species were isolated and identified in both areas using culture-based methods, suggesting Illumina MiSeq sequencing as a powerful tool to determine the relevance of microbial communities for pollutant removal.
Highlights
IntroductionWastewater treatment is an essential process that is directly linked to human health and environmental issues [1]
The relationship between pollutant removal and the microbial community in a wastewater treatment facility was evaluated. Both ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were removed by the facility, and the removal rate was the highest in June 2019
In the microbial community of NL were dominated by Flavobacteriaceae (NLF), in which the biofilters used to remove the pollutants were located, the scale and species richness (Chao1) were smaller and lower in June 2019 than in January 2020, but the species diversity was high in both periods
Summary
Wastewater treatment is an essential process that is directly linked to human health and environmental issues [1]. The construction of wastewater treatment systems and the development of facilities and technologies have protected humans from waterborne diseases [2]. The destruction and pollution in aquatic ecosystems, such as eutrophication and toxic algal blooms, that may occur due to wastewater could be prevented through improved wastewater treatment [3]. With the development of industry, the amount of wastewater discharged by humanity has increased, and the types of wastewater have diversified [4]. As the types of wastewater have diversified to keep pace with these changes, Sustainability 2021, 13, 7358.
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