Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid growth of traffic flow in highway tunnels, the in-tunnel environmental pollution problem has aroused widespread concern in China. Previous studies mainly focused on the emission factors in tunnels dominated by passenger cars (PCs) and light commercial vehicles (LCVs). However, this study concentrated on the characteristics of traffic flow dominated by heavy-goods vehicles (HGVs), environmental monitoring and assessment in highway tunnels in mountainous areas. To explore the emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants in highway tunnels in such regions, a field measurement was conducted in Qinling No. 3 Tunnel in China, focusing on the traffic volume, air velocity, and pollutant concentration. Measurement results show that the average daily traffic volume in Qinling No. 3 Tunnel is 22,218 pcu/d, with the HGVs comprising more than 65%. The average air velocity in case tunnel reaches 5.09 m/s. The average concentrations of NH3, SO2, CO, and NOx in the tunnel are 4.54 ppm, 0.06 ppm, 6.22 ppm, and 4.39 ppm, respectively. The single vehicle emission rates of measured pollutants are calculated based on collected data, among which, the emission factor of NOx is the largest (average: 9.37 g/(km·veh)), while that of SO2 is the lowest (0.09 g/(km·veh)). The results show that the dilution of NO2 in the tunnel should be considered in the ventilation design of highway tunnels.
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