Pollen Ultrastructure of the Tribe Ingeae (Mimosoideae: Leguminosae)

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All genera within the Ingeae, excluding Wallaceodendron, were examined with the transmission electron microscope. Thin sections reveal two pollen types (Types I and II) distinguished primarily by differences in polyad cohesion and ektexine organization. Type I polyads (only eight-grained species of Calliandra) are calymmate and the ektexine of individual cells is continuous around the grain, organized into a thin, foraminate tectum, irregularly shaped, often basally flared, foraminate columellae and thin, discontinuous foot layer. Type II polyads (16-grained species of Calliandra and remaining Ingeae) are predominantly acalymmate with individual grains typically free from one another or rarely, partially calymmate, i.e., individual grains show limited forms of attachment through small endexinous bridges (Pithecellobium latifolium [Zygia], Lysiloma) or localized appression of adjacent endexines (Pithecellobium daulense [Cathormion]). The adhesion of individual grains through localized fusion of lateral-distal and proximal ektexine in Enterolobium is unique among the partially calymmate Type II polyads. Ektexine in Type II polyads, largely restricted to the distal face, is composed of a thick, channeled tectum, granular interstitium and when present, thin discontinuous foot layer. Lateral-distal and proximal areas exhibit only endexine and, occasionally, a foot layer. The occurrence of nondistal ektexine is restricted to Enterolobium. The pollen data suggest that the acalymmate Ingeae polyads composed of grains with porate apertures, thick, highly channeled tectum, granular interstitium and lack of, or greatly reduced foot layer, are clearly derived within the Mimosoideae. Type I calymmate polyads appear to be independently derived. Ultrastructural data suggest that the Ingeae, excluding the eight-grained Calliandra species, represent a natural grouping with a close affinity to the Acacieae.