Abstract
Twenty-two propolis samples produced by Apis mellifera L. in an area of the Semiarid region the the State of Bahia (Agreste of Alagoinhas), Brazil, were palynologically analyzed and quantified regarding their levels of total phenolic compounds. These samples were processed using the acetolysis technique with the changes suggested for use with propolis. We found 59 pollen types belonging to 19 families and 36 genera. The family Fabaceae was the most representative in this study with nine pollen types, followed by the family Asteraceae with seven types. The types Mikania and Mimosa pudica occurred in all samples analyzed. The types Mimosa pudica and Eucalyptus had frequency of occurrence above 50% in at least one sample. The highest similarity index (c. 72%) occurred between the samples ER1 and ER2, belonging to the municipality of Entre Rios. Samples from the municipality of Inhambupe displayed the highest (36.78±1.52 mg/g EqAG) and lowest (7.68 ± 2.58 mg/g EqAG) levels of total phenolic compounds. Through the Spearman Correlation Coefficient we noticed that there was a negative linear correlation between the types Mimosa pudica (rs = -0.0419) and Eucalyptus (rs = -0.7090) with the profile of the levels of total phenolic compounds of the samples.
Highlights
Propolis is an apicultural product resulting from the mixing of resinous substances collected from plant structures with the wax and salivary enzymes of bees
Given the economic growth and scientific research on propolis in the country and the scarceness of information about the product in Bahia, this paper aims to outline the palynological profile and quantify the levels of total phenolic compounds in propolis samples produced in the territory of the Agreste of Alagoinhas, State of Bahia
The unanimous presence in the samples of the pollen types Mimosa pudica and Eucalyptus characterized the propolis produced in the territory, the plants associated to these pollen types are not good geographic markers since they represent widely distributed plants, an invasive species and a celluloseproducing species planted in large monocultures
Summary
Propolis is an apicultural product resulting from the mixing of resinous substances collected from plant structures with the wax and salivary enzymes of bees. Propolis is widely used in folk medicine and heavily used by cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries due to the numerous biological activities attributed to it, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, cicatrizing, anesthetic, and anticariogenic (Ghisalberti 1979, Marcucci and Bankova 1999, Park et al 2005). Such a huge variety of therapeutic properties
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