Abstract

Lake St Croix at the downstream end of the St Croix River was formed when a natural dam was constructed across its mouth by the Mississippi River, which has aggraded its floodplain in Holocene time since the termination of deep erosion by the Glacial River Warren, the outlet for Glacial Lake Agassiz until about 9500 BP. Pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of a 19 m core from the uppermost basin of the lake shows a rapidly increasing rate of sedimentation and pollen influx since 3000 BP and especially since 1300 BP, as the delta of the St Croix River approached the coring site. The pollen sequence closely resembles that for Lily Lake which is located on the moraine upland a few kilometres to the west. Its pollen assemblage differs from that for Lake St Croix more because of its upland location slightly to the west than to influx of river sediment in Lake St Croix.

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