Pollen quality of fresh and 1-year-old single pollen diets for worker honey bees (Apis melliferaL.)

Abstract

Newly-emerged honey bees were placed in cages and fed sucrose syrup and one of the fol- lowing single-pollen diets: Malus domesticaBorkh., Brassica campestrisL., Phacelia tanacetifolia L., Melilotus officinalis(L.) Pall., Helianthus annuus L., Pinus banksiana(Lamb.), artificial supplement (Bee-Pro ® ) or nothing. Hypopharyngeal gland protein was determined at intervals of 0, 3, 8 and 14 days and ovary development was visually scored on day 14. The development of hypopharyngeal glands and ovaries varied with diet and, collectively, proved to be sensitive measures of protein uti- lization and pollen quality. For workers fed 1-year-old Phacelia pollen, protein was utilized in a differential fashion, promoting the development of ovaries over that of hypopharyngeal glands. Development of glands and ovaries was strongly correlated with the amount of protein workers con- sumed from pollen diets, and to a lesser extent, the crude protein content of diets. Storing pollen for 1 year by freezing did not affect gland or ovary development. Apis mellifera / hypopharyngeal gland / ovary / nutrition / protein / pollen