Abstract
The morphology of pollen grains of 16 species from the <em>Rosa </em>L. genus were studied (i.e. <em>R. agrestis</em>, <em>R. canina</em>, <em>R. dumalis</em>, <em>R. gallica</em>, <em>R. inodora</em>, <em>R. jundzillii</em>, <em>R. kostrakiewiczii</em>, <em>R. majalis</em>, <em>R. micrantha</em>, <em>R. mollis</em>, <em>R. pendulina</em>, <em>R. rubiginosa</em>, <em>R. sherardii</em>, <em>R. tomentosa</em>, <em>R. villosa</em>, and <em>R. zalana</em>). The material came from 16 native localities of those species in Poland. The measurements are based on at least 30-50 randomly selected, fully developed pollen grains per specimen. In total, 500 pollen grains were examined. They were analysed for 13 quantitative features of pollen grains and exine sculpturing and the following qualitative traits: outline, shape, "operculum" structure. The diagnostic features of pollen grains of studied species were: length of polar and equatorial axes and length of ectocolpi. The above-mentioned pollen grain morphological features make isolation of one species possible: <em>R. gallica</em>. <em>R. gallica </em>is distinguished for its highest values of the length of polar and equatorial axes, and the length of ectocolpi. The obtained analytical results of operculum and exine sculpture features, considered as diagnostic, corroborated only slightly their priority significance for the isolation of the examined species and sections. The collected data failed to confirm fully the current taxonomical division of the <em>Rosa </em>genus into sections (only section <em>Gallicanae</em> from <em>R. gallica </em>is isolated) as well as consanguinity relationships between the examined species from the <em>Caninae </em>section. On the dendrogram, both species closely related with each other as well as those from other developmental lines were found in the same group. These equivocal results are by no means surprising because the <em>Caninae </em>section is the most polymorphic group in the <em>Rosa </em>genus, and contemporary <em>Caninae </em>are of the nature of a swarm of <em>R. canina </em>hybrids as a link combining all taxons of the section.
Highlights
The Rosa L. genus constitutes one of 36 European genera in the Rosaceae family [1]
Apart from fully developed pollen grains, much smaller, not completely developed pollen were found in the samples of the examined species (Fig. 1a,b)
The greatest numbers of small pollen grains were determined in samples of R. kostrakiewiczii (36.7% of measured pollen) and in R. majalis (20%); in samples of some other species (R. inodora, R. micrantha, R. sherardii) 6.7% to 10%
Summary
The Rosa L. genus constitutes one of 36 European genera in the Rosaceae family [1]. The genus contains, depending on the adopted approach, 100 to 120, or even 250 species and is distributed in the northern hemisphere in Europe, Asia, Ethiopia, the Middle East and North America [2,3,4,5,6].According to Klaštersky [1], 47 rose species deriving from 5 sections grow currently in Europe. The Rosa L. genus constitutes one of 36 European genera in the Rosaceae family [1]. The genus contains, depending on the adopted approach, 100 to 120, or even 250 species and is distributed in the northern hemisphere in Europe, Asia, Ethiopia, the Middle East and North America [2,3,4,5,6]. According to Klaštersky [1], 47 rose species deriving from 5 sections grow currently in Europe. Henker [5] claims that, depending on the approach, 30 to 60 species from the Rosa genus occur in Europe, of which 33 species can be found in Central Europe. The majority of European roses, including the studied species, belong to the Caninae section [1,5,7]. Zieliński [3,7], who follows the concept of broad approach to species, mentions 14 rose species from Poland which represent the following three sections: Caninae (11 species), Rosa
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