Abstract
This study investigated pollen application methods for artificial pollination in tetraploid kiwifruit cultivars ‘Halla Gold’ and ‘Sweet Gold’ grown in a nonheated plastic-film house in Jeju, Korea. Pollen of the hexaploid cultivar ‘Bohwa’ (A. chinensis var. deliciosa) bred in Korea was used for artificial pollination. We examined the effect of repeated pollination, pretreatment of stigma with wetting materials, application of dry pollen or pollen in suspension on fruit quality, and seed formation. With repeated pollination, pollen tubes in the pistil reached and penetrated the ovule three days after artificial pollination, although the pattern varied depending on the number of dry pollen applications. In both cultivars, the number of pollen tubes was clearly higher following repeated pollination than following single pollination, and fruit weight, dry matter (DM), number of seeds, and 100-seed weight were also higher. When pistillate flowers were pollinated with dry pollen immediately after water sprinkle, both cultivars showed the lowest fruit weight, DM, firmness, number of seeds, and 100-seed weight, whereas there were no significant differences in fruit quality or seed formation for dry pollen application 1 h after water sprinkle, or immediately or 1 h after suspension medium sprinkle. For pollination using a pollen suspension, the fruit weight was lower in both cultivars. There were no significant differences in fruit quality and seed formation following application of dry pollen or a pollen suspension, except for fruit weight in ‘Sweet Gold’. It could be seen from the results of this study that raindrops or dewdrops on the stigma might reduce the efficiency of artificial pollination using dry pollen. Still, the application of repeated pollination enhanced the efficiency of artificial pollination.
Highlights
Kiwifruit, it has been reported that repeated hand pollination of the same flower with dry pollen over one or more days resulted in smaller fruits with fewer seeds than when single pollination occurs; this was attributed to the arrest or inhibition of pollen tube growth caused by following pollen tubes [10]
Those results are not reflected in our study in which fruit weight, dry matter (DM), FF, seed weight, and 100-seed weight appeared to be high when pollen was repeatedly applied to the pistil
This study showed that immediate pollination after a water sprinkle caused the viability of pollen to be low due to the high humidity of the pistil
Summary
The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years, from 2018 to 2019, on mature vines of the tetraploid pistillate A. chinensis var. chinensis cultivars ‘Halla Gold’. The experiment was carried out for two consecutive years, from 2018 to 2019, on mature vines of the tetraploid pistillate A. chinensis var. (8 years old) and ‘Sweet Gold’ (5 years old). The kiwifruit vines were trained to the pergola system and cultivated following general management practices such as pruning, fruit thinning, fertilizer management, and pest control in an unheated plastic-film house at commercial fields located in Jeju, Korea
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