Abstract
ABSTRACTThe Modern School of New York and Stelton was the first anarchist working- class alternative school for children in the United States. The school was influenced by Leo Tolstoy's school at Yasnaya Polyana in Russia and Francisco Ferrer's Escuela Moderna in Barcelona. The Escuela Moderna served as the model for a pedagogy committed to the direct teaching of revolutionary politics while Tolstoy's school at Yasnaya Polyana served as the model for a pedagogy committed to a rebel culture that fostered individual creativity and imagination. Historically it had been difficult to reconcile these two strands of radical education. A history of the New York years of the Modern School (1911–1915) offers an understanding of the interaction between a pedagogy concerned with rebel culture and a pedagogy committed to revolutionary politics. This interaction was positive when the libertarian classroom experiences emphasizing freedom, creativity and imagination were given political direction by the adult movement ho...
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