Abstract

This research analyzed whether political leaders make people lie via priming experiments. Priming is a non-conscious and implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus affects the response to another. Following priming theories, we proposed an innovative concept that people who perceive leaders to be dishonest (such as liars) are likely to lie themselves. We designed three experiments to analyze and critically discussed the potential influence of prime effect on lying behavior, through the prime effect of French political leaders (including general politicians, presidents and parties). Experiment 1 discovered that participants with non-politician-prime were less likely to lie (compared to politician-prime). Experiment 2A discovered that, compared to Hollande-prime, Sarkozy-prime led to lying behavior both in gravity (i.e., bigger lies) and frequency (i.e., lying more frequently). Experiment 2B discovered that Republicans-prime yielded an impact on more lying behavior, and Sarkozy-prime made such impact even stronger. Overall, the research findings suggest that lying can be triggered by external influencers such as leaders, presidents and politicians in the organizations. Our findings have provided valuable insights into organizational leaders and managers in their personnel management practice, especially in the intervention of lying behavior. Our findings also have offered new insights to explain non-conscious lying behavior.

Highlights

  • Lying is one of the most controversial abilities that humans possess

  • We inspected any signs of lying behavior by examining the distribution of reported outcomes in the two conditions, i.e., Sarkozy-prime and Republicans-prime

  • The phenomenon that bigger dice readings were reported in both conditions (Sarkozy-prime and Republican-prime) was due to lying behaviors rather than being lucky to roll out bigger numbers

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Summary

Introduction

Lying is one of the most controversial abilities that humans possess. On the one hand, people generally dislike being lied to and are keen to interrogate why liars lie. To analyze the motives and mechanism underlying lying, scholars have examined the lying behavior through a variety of perspectives. These perspectives include, for instance, development of lying ability (Evans and Lee 2013), intention and justification of lying (Bok 1999), ubiquity of lying (DePaulo 2004), face-to-face vs computer-mediated lying (Hancock, Thom-Santelli, & Ritchie, 2004), lying detection ability (Levine, Serota, & Shulman, 2010) and emotional inhibitors of lying (Celse, Chang, Max, & Quinton, 2016). A common thread across the aforementioned studies is: lying is a conscious behavior Liars lie because they want to lie

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