Abstract
In Indonesia, according to civil law, a political party can be a separate legal personality from its members vested with the same legal rights and duties as a legal citizen. They can participate in the economic, politic, legal, and social relationships. If they violate the law, they can also be held responsible. However, it is still very doubtful whether they can be liable in criminal law since they have critical function in the democratic political process as acknowledge by the constitution. This paper examines the position of a political party in their criminal liability, whether they can be prosecuted, and sanctioned. In order to do that the scientific methodology used for this research is doctrinal legal research, scrutinizing some theories, regulations, and legal cases, and analyzing some legal theories on corporate legal personalities. It examines regulations and cases that describe the conditions when a political party can or cannot be prosecuted as political parties. It is concluded that political parties do have some peculiarities that ordinary private corporations do not, such as the important roles they play in constitutional life as they can contest election results and hold power in the government. Some countries treat political parties differently when it comes to criminal law. This research will provide valuable information for judges, other law enforcement officers, and academia in understanding the position of political parties in criminal liability.
Highlights
Political parties play highly important roles in political, social, and legal arenas
Indonesia has accepted the concept of corporate criminal liability as part of its legal system to be authorized to impose criminal sanctions for criminal conduct by a legal entity
Indonesian criminal law accepts, to a limited extent that corporations can be criminally liable under special laws such as those on the Eradication of Corruption and terrorism, and the laws governing electronic information and transactions
Summary
Political parties play highly important roles in political, social, and legal arenas They are called the most important organizations in modern politics and democratic life.. Political parties hold an independent personality separate from their members. Some examples are the laws on the Eradication of Corruption, Information and Electronic Transactions, and Eradication of Terrorism These specific laws define a corporation as a group of organized people or wealth with a legal personality or without a legal personality. How do other countries regulate political parties in response to criminal law violations?
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