Abstract
The philosophy of culture put forward by Šalkauskis is a version of political philosophy. By using a typology of the relationship between philosophy and democracy we attempt to prove that his philosophy of culture encompasses not one but few different understandings of the relationship between democracy and philosophy. By comparing the ideas of Šalkauskis with the issues of contemporary political philosophy we can see that democracy today is developing by distancing itself from the principles that Šalkauskis presented in his philosophy of culture. The philosophy of culture as developed by Šalkauskis has two distinctive features. First of all, Christianity is interpreted through the matrix of culture and this is why it becomes compatible with democracy. Secondly, philosophy of culture is consciously transformed into ideology and this transformation is what allowed it to become an important factor in political discussions.
Highlights
By using a typology of the relationship between philosophy and democracy we attempt to prove that his philosophy of culture encompasses not one but few different understandings of the relationship between democracy and philosophy
By comparing the ideas of Šalkauskis with the issues of contemporary political philosophy we can see that democracy today is developing by distancing itself from the principles that Šalkauskis presented in his philosophy of culture
Christianity is interpreted through the matrix of Alvydas Jokubaitis, Linas Jokubaitis
Summary
Norint suprasti Šalkauskio požiūrį į filosofijos ir demokratijos santykį, būtina turėti platesnę perspektyvą. Šalkauskiui suprasti svarbus yra ne tik demokratijos ir filosofijos, bet ir jos bei mokslo santykis. Antrosios demokratijos ir filosofijos santykio aiškinimo perspektyvos šalininkai mano, kad filosofija nesuderinama su demokratija. Kad filosofija turi pažinti ne istoriškai kintančias nuomones apie demokratiją, bet jos nekintamą esmę. Ketvirtoji demokratijos ir filosofijos santykio aiškinimo perspektyva yra Strausso požiūrio kritika. Manento stiliumi pripažinus dabartinį politinės filosofijos pajungimą demokratijai, pasidaro lengviau suprasti, kodėl Šalkauskis politinę filosofiją keičia kultūros filosofija. Kad filosofija negali būti suvokta kaip politinio gyvenimo pagrindas. Tačiau jo kuriama tautinė ideologija taip pat yra demokratinė, nes tautą suvokia kaip demosą, o liberalizmas, jo nuomone, reiškia individualizmą. Kad jie savo jėgomis nepajėgūs atskirti demokratijos ir kitų politinių režimų, nes tam būtina suvokti kokybinius, o ne vien tik kiekybinius skirtumus. Pastarieji šią santvarką gali sieti su absoliučiais ir nekintamais principais, o mokslininkai apsiriboja laikinais ir reliatyviais ryšiais
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