Political Conditions of Kashmir under Sikh Rule: A Historical Analysis (1819-1846)

Abstract

This research paper critically examines the political conditions of Kashmir during the transformative period of Sikh rule, spanning from the early to mid-19th century. Under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the annexation of Kashmir marked a pivotal moment in the region's history, replacing the erstwhile Afghan and Mughal influences with Sikh governance. The study aims to unravel the intricacies of this historical juncture by scrutinizing administrative policies, socio-political dynamics, and the enduring consequences of Sikh rule on the Kashmir Valley. By employing a comprehensive analysis of primary and secondary sources, the research elucidates the governance structures implemented by the Sikh rulers, encompassing the appointment of administrators, revenue systems, and the assimilation of Kashmir into the broader Sikh Empire. The study further investigates the interactions between the Sikh administration and the local nobility, probing shifts in power dynamics and the implications for governance. Additionally, the paper explores the religious landscape, assessing Sikh policies promoting religious freedom and tolerance, and evaluates the socio-economic impact on agriculture, trade, and the general welfare of the Kashmiri populace. A pivotal aspect of this research involves an examination of resistance and revolts against Sikh rule, elucidating the multifaceted nature of opposition that emerged during this period. Finally, the study delves into the lasting legacy of Sikh governance, delineating its enduring effects on the political, social, and cultural fabric of Kashmir. Through this exploration, the research endeavors to contribute nuanced insights into a crucial yet underexplored chapter in Kashmir's historical narrative.