Abstract
Using a combination of logit, and OLS regressions we ask if the labour force outcomes for Polish immigrants differ across two immigration policy regimes (Canada and Sweden). Specifically, we compare the employment and earnings prospects of Polish immigrants and their children in Canada and Sweden using data that is similar in quality and timing. We find that in general, Polish immigrants, while facing substantial penalties compared to native-born workers fare better in Canada than in Sweden in terms of employment and income. As expected, second generation Poles fare much better than their immigrant counterparts in terms of employment and earnings differentials and have similar outcomes to the native-born majority in both countries. Membership in the EU fundamentally changed migration flows from Poland. In light of this we also look at how post-2004 Polish migrants have fared in both Canada and Sweden.
Highlights
The Polish diaspora is widespread, and prominent in Northern Europe, North America and Australia
In Europe in particular, the issue of Polish migration has been politicized as a robust source of skilled migration with the potential to substitute for local labour and complement labour demands, at the low end of the market
In this paper we compare labour market outcomes for Polish immigrants and their children in Canada and Sweden to understand how they fare in two countries with
Summary
The Polish diaspora is widespread, and prominent in Northern Europe, North America and Australia (see Drozdzewski, 2011; Forrest & Kusek, 2016; Friberg, 2012a, 2012b; Garapich, 2008; Heydenkorn, 2009). Pendakur and Bevelander Comparative Migration Studies (2021) 9:56 broadly similar immigration rates and integration policies. Both Canada and Sweden have large immigrant populations and continue to welcome substantial numbers of new migrants annually (in excess of 300 thousand for Canada, and about 100 thousand annually in Sweden). Both countries have substantial native-born minority populations. There are almost 37 thousand second generation Poles in Canada and almost 14 thousand in Sweden This group should not be subject to many of the barriers faced by immigrants
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