Poliheuristic Theory and Indian Foreign Policy Decision Making: Applicability and Limits

Abstract

Poliheuristic theory focuses on processes and outcomes of foreign policy decisions at the individual level by blending rational and cognitive approaches. This study analyses the Indian leadership’s decision to sign the Civil Nuclear Agreement with the US by applying poliheuristic (PH) theory, since it can be termed a strategic and interactive decision of Indian foreign policy. The deal that ended estrangement between India and the US utilises a “decision matrix”, which emphasises various options available to an actor using a two-stage process that eliminates politically unacceptable costs. Does the PH model fully explain the political costs vital to foreign policy formulation in parliamentary frameworks like India? Which factors were most influential in shaping the decision-making environment of the civilian nuclear agreement? What can the deal reveal about the scope and limits of the PH model’s application to analysing Indian foreign policy?