Policy limitations and constraints to exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers in low- and middle-income countries: the Nigeria case

Abstract

Background/Aims The rapid increase in Nigeria's female labour participation poses a risk to exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding is the beneficial process of feeding an infant with breastmilk only during the first 6 months. This study aims to assess the extent to which Nigerian policy addresses barriers and contributes to improved exclusive breastfeeding rates among working mothers in Nigeria. Methods The study used a dual qualitative methodological approach, consisting of a literature review and policy analysis. The literature review identified barriers to exclusive breastfeeding among working mothers while the policy analysis evaluated the content of the national policy on infant and young child feeding in Nigeria (2010) and the Labour Act (2004). Results The findings revealed work-related, maternal and social factors were barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. The policy documents addressed these barriers to an extent but showed minimal coherence. Conclusions There are still disparities between policies and their implementation, which are attributable to inadequate clarity and insufficient mechanisms to spur policy compliance. The government should adopt evidence-based mechanisms and engage nutritionists in policy formulation and implementation. In addition, maternity leave in Nigeria should be increased to 6 months to allow working mothers to breastfeed. Myths on child nutrition should also be debunked.