Abstract
The new European Commission for 2019–2024 proposed the European Green Deal with renewed ambition for climate and environment policies to achieve carbon neutrality and a toxic-free environment by 2050. Accordingly, the Farm to Fork and the new Biodiversity Strategies, issued in 2020, set quantitative objectives for fertilisers, pesticides and antimicrobials, organic farming and high-diversity landscapes by 2030. Livestock is directly and indirectly responsible for a large proportion of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions with its feed and forage demand, and agriculture and livestock must undergo radical changes to align. The present policy and financial means, including the Common Agricultural Policy, have proved unable to put the EU farm and food sector on the right track. The policy proposals that I defended in the 2019 France Stratégie Report on the CAP employ public economic principles. Reducing polluting inputs and waste with sound innovations in the farm and food sector needs a coherent policy framework. The Green Deal ambition also requires radical changes in income and social surplus distributions as well as in EU consumers’ diets, corresponding to far higher taxes and subsidies than usually considered in academic papers.
Highlights
The new European Commission for 2019–2024 proposed the European Green Deal with renewed ambition for climate and environment policies to achieve carbon neutrality and a toxic-free environment by 2050
Healthier and affordable food as well as better incomes for farmers are F2FS objectives, the 2030 quantitative objectives only target agriculture with the reduction of fertiliser use by 20%, the reduction of pesticides and antimicrobials by 50%, 25% of agricultural land to be used for organic farming and 10% in high-diversity landscapes features
In 2017, the inventoried greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of EU agriculture reached 440 million carbon dioxide equivalent tons (MtCO2eq according to the different gas global warming potential calculated over 100 years), representing 10% of emissions generated in the EU (EEA 2019a)
Summary
Policies for the ecological transition of agriculture: the livestock issue. Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies, Springer, 2020, 101 (4), pp.529538. HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Accepted: 17 November 2020 / Published online: 6 January 2021 # INRAE and Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2021
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