Abstract
Abstract An electron in a localized state, in either a crystalline or a non-crystalline material, will always distort its surroundings to some extent. For shallow donors in silicon and germanium, and for localized states in band tails, the radius of the localized state is normally large and the distortion consequently small; it is usually neglected, though this is not the case for deep levels. However, even for a free electron in a conduction band (or a hole in a valence band), significant distortion of the surroundings can occur under certain conditions, such as large effective mass. If distortion occurs, a ‘pseudoparticle’ is formed, which can move as a whole, the electron and the distortion it produces moving together. This pseudoparticle is called a polaron.
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