Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Long-Period Grating Based Vector Curvature Sensor

Abstract

We propose and demonstrate an optical fiber vector curvature sensor based on a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) inscribed in Panda type polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) using CO2-laser heating and tapering system. The uniform heating approach removes the necessity of CO2-laser exposure alignment along the axis of PMFs during grating fabrication. A serial of PMF-LPFGs with grating period from 350 to 490 $\mu \text{m}$ with a step of 20 $\mu \text{m}$ have been fabricated experimentally. The curvature response of the fast and slow axis resonance dips for the LPFG with a period of 450 $\mu \text{m}$ was investigated in the curvature range from 0 to 4.137 m−1 at four bending orientations. The maximum curvature sensitivities were measured to be 9.26 and −6.89 nm/m−1 for the fast and slow axis LP15 modes, respectively. The sensor can achieve 2-dimensional bending direction recognition. The proposed grating has potential application as a vector curvature sensor.