Abstract
Generation of widely spaced polarization modulation instability (PMI) sidebands in a wide collection of photonic crystal fibers (PCF), including liquid-filled PCFs, is reported. The contribution of chromatic dispersion and birefringence to the net linear phase mismatch of PMI is investigated in all-normal dispersion PCFs and in PCFs with one (or two) zero dispersion wavelengths. Large frequency shift sidebands are demonstrated experimentally. Suitable fabrication parameters for air-filled and liquid-filled PCFs are proposed as guidelines for the development of dual-wavelength light sources based on PMI.
Highlights
In the last decades, great effort has been applied to take advantage of nonlinearity in optical fibers for the development of new light sources as supercontinuum sources [1,2]or four-wave mixing (FWM)-based light sources
Two strong sidebands, centered at 991 nm and 1148 nm, are generated in the fiber. These two sidebands refer to anti-Stokes and Stokes photons generated via the polarization modulation instability (PMI)–SF process
PMI–FS was not observed in the experiment, as the pump power level (≈2.4 kW) injected into the fiber was below the power threshold required for PMI–FS to occur in this fiber (Pth = 6.4 kW)
Summary
Great effort has been applied to take advantage of nonlinearity in optical fibers for the development of new light sources as supercontinuum sources [1,2]or four-wave mixing (FWM)-based light sources. FWM has attractive applications in different areas of interest: parametric amplifiers [4], frequency combs based on cascade-FWM [5], dual-wavelength light sources for special microscopy as coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy [6,7], and novel nonlinear quantum applications as photon-pair sources [8]. Light sources with specific characteristics of polarization can be of great interest in the area of optics In this sense, vector–FWM (V–FWM) can be exploited for the development of such light sources. PMI is mostly generated in very weakly birefringent fibers, in which a linearly polarized optical pump signal with polarization oriented along one fiber axis produces two sidebands with the same polarization state but orthogonal, with respect to the polarization of the pump beam. We have reported experimental PMI generation in all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fibers [15]
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