Abstract
Complete characterization of certain quantum materials requires knowledge of the complex wave functions that describe electrons in the solid. A new measurement methodology provides deep insights into that information.
Highlights
Wave functions are mathematical descriptions of the quantum state of a system and are ubiquitous in quantum mechanics
Tracking the energy- and momentum-resolved amplitude and phase of the photoemission intensity modulation upon polarization axis rotation allows us to retrieve the circular dichroism in photoelectron angular distributions (CDAD) without using circular photons, providing direct insights into the phase of photoemission matrix elements
We tackle this challenge by increasing the dimensionality of the measurement: Photoemission intensity is recorded while continuously varying the polarization axis direction of linearly polarized XUV ionizing radiation
Summary
Wave functions are mathematical descriptions of the quantum state of a system and are ubiquitous in quantum mechanics. We introduce a novel measurement scheme in extreme ultraviolet (XUV) angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, based on a continuous rotation of the polarization axis, allowing us to reconstruct the following: (i) CDAD without using circular photons, and (ii) the phase of the photoemission matrix elements, which directly relates to the complex-valued Bloch wave function, here exemplified for 2H-WSe2 This information can, in principle, even be used to reconstruct the orbital pseudospin texture. The valley-dependent orbital pseudospin texture is at the origin of the emergence of local Berry curvature [10], associated with the winding of the wave-function phase in momentum space [40] Such a material is well suited to test our novel polarization-modulated angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy approach
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